WHAT IS IGM OR IMPORT GENERAL MANIFEST:

Before arrival of cargo at destination port, the carrier has to file the details of cargo arriving to such port of importing country with the customs. The procedures to file IGM are done by the carrier of goods or his agent. Normally IGM is filed on the basis of Bill of Lading or Airway Bill, issued by the carrier. The IGM Import General Manifest contains the details about shipper, consignee, number of packages, kind of packages, description of goods, airway bill or bill of lading number and date, flight or vessel details etc.

Once after filing import General Manifest, the importer or his customs broker files necessary documents for import with customs under the said imported goods. This filing is done on the basis of import General Manifest information filed by the carrier on arrival of goods. If any mistake in filing IGM, the import customs clearance documents can not be accepted, as the details of such documents has to be matched with the details of IGM. If any details in IGM filed wrongly, such details have to be amended with customs before filing documents of clearance.

After  amendment necessary information in import General Manifest, the importer or his agent can file bill of entry and proceed to complete customs formalities to take delivery of cargo.

EXPORT GENERAL MANIFEST OR EGM:

Like IGM is done same done for the Export of Goods that is called EGM or Export General Manifest.

Export means movement of goods from one country to another country. Once the goods crossed territorial border of a country the definition of exports takes place. Carrier of goods moves out of country after completing necessary customs formalities of such country. After completion of export customs clearance procedure and before movement of goods, the carrier files detailed information about such moved goods with customs department in a specified format. This is called Export General Manifest or EGM.

Export General Manifest is a legal document mandatory to be filed by carried of goods with customs department. This document is used by government authorities as proof of export. The customs officials certify proof of export on shipping documents to exporters on basis of EGM. With such copy or certificate, exporter claim export benefits based on such documents, along with other documents like Bill of Lading as proof of export.

 SHIPPING LINES AND LOGISTICS:

A SHIPPING LINE IS A BUSINESS THAT TRANSPORTS CARGO ABOARD SHIP.

IT HAS BEEN ACKNOWLEDGED THAT LOGISTICS IS A DRIVING FORCE THAT SHAPES THE INTEGRATION OF THE TRANSPORT CHAIN. THIS PAPER ARGUES THAT WHILE THE LINER SHIPPING INDUSTRY EXHIBIT INCREASED HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION, ITS VERTICAL INTEGRATION REMAINS LIMITED. A CLEAR DISTINCTION IS DRAWN BETWEEN FREIGHT LOGISTICS, CONTAINER LOGISTICS AND VESSEL LOGISTICS. FREIGHT LOGISTICS IS DEFINED AS PART OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESS, THE FOCUS OF WHICH IS THE GOODS BEING TRANSPORTED. THE PURPOSE OF CONTAINER LOGISTICS IS TO OPTIMIZE THE MOVEMENTS OF THE CONTAINERS THEMSELVES, AN OPERATION THAT IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO VESSEL LOGISTICS WHICH IS CONCERNED WITH MAXIMIZING VESSEL UTILIZATION. THE PAPER DEMONSTRATES THAT SHIPPING LINES HAVE TO FIND CORRECT BALANCE BETWEEN THESE THREE TYPES OF LOGISTICS. THEIR INTEREST IN VERTICAL INTEGRATION IS PRIMARILY BECAUSE THE MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINER LOGISTICS PROVIDES DIRECT SUPPORT TO VESSEL LOGISTICS. THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN FREIGHT LOGISTICS REMAINS NUCLEAR AND UNCERTAIN.

THERE ARE MANY CONTAINER SHIPPING LINES OPERATING "SHIPPING SERVICES" AROUND THE VARIOUS TRADE LANES IN THE WORLD, AND THE TOP SHIPPING LINES AROUND THE WORLD ARE AS BELOW:

APM MAERSK

COSCO GROUP

CMA CGM GROUP

HAPAG-LLOYD

ZIM

EVERGREEN LINE

ONE(OCEAN NETWORK EXPRESS)

PIL

WAN HAI LINES

IRISL GROUP

EMIRATES SHIPPING LINES

TRANSWORLD GROUP

SINOTRANS

GLOBAL FEEDER SHIPPING LLC. ETC

THERE ARE MANY MORE NEW SHIPPING LINES HAVE COME UP.

SHIPPING INCLUDES(BUT NOT RESTRICTED) ACTIVITIES AS BELOW:

• BOOKING CARGO FOR SPECIFIC VESSEL, SOMETIMES WEEKS AND MONTHS IN ADVANCE.
• ENSURING THAT ALL CARGO BOOKED IS PLANNED ON THE INTEND VESSELS.
• ENSURE THAT THE CARGO THAT IS PLANNED ON THE VESSEL IS ACTUALLY SHIPPED .
• ENSURE THAT THE STOWAGE PLANNING IS DONE PROPERLY ON THE VESSEL TO OPTIMISE THE VESSEL-LOADING.
• ENSURE THAT ALL CONTAINERS LOADED HAVE THEIR VGM.
• ENSURE SAFE LOADING AND DISCHARGING OF THE CARGO.
• ISSUING BILL OF LADING AND OTHER DOCUMENTATION FOR ALL CARGO LOADED.

A TYPICAL SHIPPING LINE OR SHIPPING AGENCY OFFICE HAVE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS SUCH AS PLANNING, MARKETING,SALES, CONTAINER DEPARTMENT, VESSEL OPERATIONS, DOCUMENTATION, FINANCE, ADMINISTRATION, PROCUREMENT ETC.

SHIPPING INVOLVES PLANNING AND IDENTIFYING THE MOST PROFITABLE TRADE AROUND THE WORLD, THE VOLUME OF CARGO AVAILABLE ON THESE ROUTES, THE NUMBER OF SHIPS THAT MUST BE EMPLOYED ON THESE ROUTES, THE PORTS THAT THIS SERVICES MUST CALL IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE BUSINESS, THE TRANSIT DAYS THAT A SHIP WILL TAKE FOR THE ROUND TRIP, THE COST PER VOYAGE INCLUDING OPERATIONAL COSTS, PORT COST, FUEL COSTS, THE MAN POWER REQUIRED ETC. FOR EACH VOYAGE .............THERE ARE MANY MORE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED.

PORT SERVICES: KEY INSTRUMENTS IN MARITIME LOGISTICS

PORT SERVICES  ARE ONE OF THE ESSENTIAL MECHANISM TO ENSURE THE PROPER EXECUTION OF THE DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES TAKING PLACE AT EVERY SINGLE PORT AROUND THE GLOBE. SOME OF THE MAIN FUNCTIONS COVERED THAT ARE WORTH MENTIONING INCLUDE  FREIGHT HANDLING, NAUTICAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, SUCH AS TOWAGE OR BERTHING-CASTING OFF, OTHER BASIC SERVICES SUCH AS THOSE RELATED TO PASSENGER TRANSPORT OR SHIP BASED MANAGEMENT SERVICES.

COMPANIES SPECIALIZING IN PROVIDING THESE PORT SERVICES  HAVE SEEN INCREASE IN THEIR TURN OVER FOR PAST FEW YEARS.

THEREFORE, FREIGHT SERVICES (LOADING-UNLOADING, STOWING-UNSTOWING, TRANSPORT BETWEEN SHIP-PORT) ARE THE MOST IN-DEMAND PORT SERVICE AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HIGHEST FINANCIAL VOLUME IN 2016, ACCOUNTING FOR 51.5% OF THE TOTAL TURNOVER GENERATED IN THIS SAME YEAR, TOTALING MORE THAN 3.5 BILLION EUROS IN SPAIN. 

INDIA HAS A RICH HISTORY OF TRADE ACROSS SEAS. PORTS CONSTITUTE AN IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN COASTAL AREAS. PORTS ARE ALSO IMPORTANT FOR THE SUPPORT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE HINTERLAND SINCE THEY ACT AS A CRUCIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN SEA AND LAND TRANSPORT

levels of outsourcing

Levels of Outsourcing in Third Party Logistics Services

Not 

Not all third party logistics services are created equal when it comes down to the relationship in the way you as a shipper will outsource to them. So, after you understand what a 3PL is and the types of third party logistics services, the following are the different types of levels of outsourcing you can see:t

• Transactional Outsourcing: Based on transactions, with no long term contracts and no bonding between the 3PL and the outsourcing company.
• Tactical Outsourcing: Outsourcing on a long term basis with negotiated contacts and integrated IT systems to facilitate free information flow and create supply chain visibility.
• Strategic Outsourcing: Based on long-term relationships with successful outcomes, 3PL companies become partners in supply chain management and establish transactional transparency.

hird party logistics services are created equal when it comes down to the relationship in the way you as a shipper will outsource to them. So, after you understand what a 3PL is and the types of third party logistics services, the following are the different types of levels of outsourcing you can see:

 FINANCIAL BASED THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS SERVICES:

PROVIDE FREIGHT PAYMENT AND AUDITING,COST ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL,TOOLS FOR MONITORING BOOKING, TRACKING,TRACING AND MANAGING INVENTORY.

INFORMATION-BASED FIRMS THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS SERVICES:

SIGNIFICANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THIS CATEGORY OF INTERNET-BASED, BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC MARKETS FOR TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS SERVICES.

SHIPPER/MANAGEMENT BASED THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS SERVICES:

• FOCUSED ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SHIPPING PROCESS FROM BEGINNING TO END.

• PROVIDES TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS A TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, AND INTEGRATED FREIGHT MANAGEMENT SERVICES TO ELIMINATE HEAVY PROCESS AND CUMBERSOME FEATURES SUCH AS CLAIMS AND ACCOUNTING (FREIGHT PAYMENTS) .

• PROVIDE MANAGEMENT OF CARRIER RELATIONS FOR ONGOING RATE MAINTENANCE AND NEGOTIATION.
• GIVES INFORMATION SUCH AS FREIGHT DATA AND MATRIX REPORTS FOR BETTER VISIBILITY AND CONTROL ON FUTURE LOGISTICS.

FORWARDER BASED THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS SERVICES:

A THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDER, OR 3PLs PROVIDER, IS AN OUTSOURCED COMPANY THAT MANAGES A PARTICULAR PART, OR ALL PARTS OF YOUR LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS AND EXECUTE TRANSPORTATION, FREIGHT, WAREHOUSING AND OTHER ACTIVITIES

FREIGHT FORWARDER IS EXPLAINED AS UNDER:

• Very independent middlemen with forwarder roles.
• Non-asset or sometimes can be assets owner that provide a wide range of logistics services.

• INTEGRAL LOGISTICS SERVICES PVT.LTD. (ILS) is a freight forwarding company.